House of Livet (Levett); Lovatt, Lovat, Lovet, Lovett, Lovit, Lovitt, Levet, Levett, Levitt, Leavett, Leavitt, Livett
House of Malet; Mallet, Mallett, Mallit, Mallitt, Malott, Mallot, Mailly, Maillie, Mailley, Maillies, Maily, Mailie, Mailey, Mailies, Maillet, Mayie, de Mailly, de Maillie, de Mailley, de Maily, de Mailie, de Mayie, la Mailly, la Maillie, la Mailley, la Maily, de Mayie (Bourgogne)
House of Clare; Clair, Clare, Clere, O'Clear, O'Clair
House of Saint-Clair; Sinclair, Saint Clare, Sancto Claro, Singular, Sinclaire, Seincler, Sanclar, Sincklair, Sinclear, Sincler
House of Aubigny (or of Albini); Bourgeois, Bourgondiën, Bourgeois, Bourgogne, Albini include Albini, Albinie, Allbini, Albinni, Albinnie (Bavaria), Bourgeois, Bourgois, Bourgeoys, Bourgeot, Le Bourgeois, de Bourgeois, Bourjois, Bourgès, Bourgeix (Brittany),
House of Bellême; Bell, Bellamy, Belamy, Bellamie, Belamie, Bellamey, Bellame, Bellasme, Bellamly, Belyn, Bellin, Belin, Bellyn, Bealing, Beeling, Belling, Beling, Bellings.
House of Bohun; Bohon, Bohun, Bone, Boon, Boone, Bohan, Bound.
House of Lacy; Lacy-Hulbert, Lacey, Lacie, Lacy, de Lacy, Lasey, Lassey,
House of Mortimer; Mortimer Byrd, Mortimer, Mortimor
House of Montgommery;
House of Saint-Clair; Sinclair, Sinclair, Saint Clare, Sancto Claro, Singular, Sinclaire, Seincler, Sanclar, Sincklair, Sinclear, Sincler

Y-DNA: R1b1b2: 13-24-14-11-11-14-12-12-12-13-13-29

Anglo-Norman families - Y-DNA: R1b1b2: M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

Y-DNA: R1b1b2: 13-24-14-11-11-14-12-12-12-13-13-29

THE WESTERN ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE WAMH

House of Livet (Levett);
House of Malet;
House of Clare;
House of Saint-Clair;
House of Aubigny (or of Albini); Bourgeois, Bourgondiën, Bourgeois
House of Bellême; Bell
House of Bohun;
House of Lacy; Lacy-Hulbert
House of Mortimer; Mortimer Byrd
House of Montgommery;
House of Saint-Clair; Sinclair

* House of Aubigny (or of Albini);
* House of Bailleul;
* House of Beauchamp;
* House of Beaumont;
* House of Bellême;
* House of Bigot;
* House of Bohun;
* House of Bourg;
* House of Bruce;
* House of Carteret;
* House of Clare;
* House of Crépon;
* House of Dévereux;
* House of Ferrières;
* House of Fitzalan;
* House of Fitzurse;
* House of Giffard;
* House of Giroie;
* House of Goz;
* House of Grandmesnil;
* House of Harcourt;
* House of Ivry;
* House of Lacy;
* House of Livet (Levett);
* House of Longchamp;
* House of Malet;
* House of Mandeville;
* House of Meschin;
* House of Montfort;
* House of Montaigu;
* House of Mortimer;
* House of Montbray;
* House of Montgommery;
* House of Peverel;
* House of Reviers;
* House of Saint-Clair;
* House of Talbot;
* House of Tosny;

Aubigny/Bourges Places
Bailleul/Belle/Bailey
Boon Bohun Bohan De Bohun. La Boon. Boone.
Bruce is Norman, from Brix near Cherborug in Normandy. de Brus
"Fitz" came from
the French "Fils"...meaning "son of."
LACEY
Mortimer, England, R1b1b2g1 (tested)
Montgomery-Devoni
William de Peverel (Elder) is the same person as William the Conqueror. Guillaume Peuerel - Duke of Normandy - aka William the Conqueror. As I suspected, Peverel more than likely means "Fearless".
Sinclair or Saintclair
Bourgeois
Bourgondiën
Bourgeois
Bell
Fitzmaurice
Lacy-Hulbert
Mortimer Byrd
Montemayor
Monteith
Sinclair

Anglo-Norman families - Y-DNA: R1b1b2: M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

Anglo-Norman families - Y-DNA: R1b1b2: M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

House of Livet (Levett);
House of Malet;
House of Clare;
House of Saint-Clair;

Famous DNA R1b's & U5a's

Cheddar Man (Cheddar, England)
U5a
16192T, 16270T

Colla Uais - Father of the Clans
A High King of Ireland
R1b

Niall - Niall of the Nine Hostages
A High King of Ireland
R1b

Anglo-Norman dna

The Anglo-Normans were mainly the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the conquest by William of Normandy in 1066, although some Normans were already in England before the conquest. Following the Battle of Hastings, the invading Normans and their descendants formed a distinct population in England. They later spoke what became the Anglo-Norman language.

Anglo-Norman R1b1b2 THE WESTERN ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE WAMH

Veniti tribe dna
the Curiovolitae tribe dna
the Asismii tribe dna

R1b1b2 M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

13-24-14-11-11-14-12-12-12-13-13-29

mtDNA: U5a1a:

16157C, 16192T, 16256T, 16270T, 16320T, 16399G
16157C 16192T 16256T 16270T 16320T 16399G
"16157C 16192T 16256T 16270T 16320T 16399G"
16157C/16192T/16256T/16270T/16320T/16399G

Anglo-Norman R1b1b2 THE WESTERN ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE WAMH

Anglo-Norman R1b1b2 THE WESTERN ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE WAMH

Veniti tribe dna
the Curiovolitae tribe dna
the Asismii tribe dna

R1b1b2 M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

13-24-14-11-11-14-12-12-12-13-13-29

The Bretons & Brittany: Origins

France: The Bretons

The Bretons were originally from the ancient province of Brittany, which lies in the northwestern peninsula of France. Formerly known as Armorica, a possession of the Roman Empire, this land consists of a plateau with a deeply indented coastline, and is broken by hills in the west. However, the region was renamed Britannia Minor by the Romans, following the emigration of six thousand Britons across the English Channel, an event which took place at the behest of the Roman commander in Britain.

Originally of Celtic stock, the Bretons were mainly composed of three tribes from Cornwall and south Wales who were known as the Veniti, the Curiovolitae, and the Asismii. Their leader, Prince Cowan of Powys was married to the sister of St. Patrick and was considered to have been the most ancient Christian king in Europe. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, and subsequent invasion of Britain by the Angles and the Saxons during the 5th and 6th centuries, many more Britons fled their ancient home. Many settled in the continental region of Brittany, where the race that came to be known as the Bretons flourished.

The Celtic traditions of the Bretons, particularly the Brythonic language, which is still spoken in the west of Brittany, sharply contrasted them with the many other diverse peoples who helped to found modern France. This is particularly true of their neighbors in the adjacent region of Normandy, who were the descendants of Viking raiders. Nevertheless, the Bretons played a significant role in the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Led by Earl Alan of Richmond, the Bretons constituted one-third of the Norman forces at the Battle of Hastings.

Many of these Breton knights were granted considerable land-holdings by William the Conqueror in return for their services. The Domesday Book survey of 1086, shows them dispersed widely throughout England, with a significant number settled in the region known as East Anglia. A very large number of Breton surnames ultimately find their origin with these Breton knights. However, it is indisputable that a genuine migration from Brittany to England also took place. Bretons came to hold important positions in the Norman nobility of England, and the dukes of Brittany forged alliances through arranged marriages with the kings of Scotland.

Over the course of the next few centuries, England came into increasing conflict with France, culminating in the outbreak of the Hundred Years War in 1337. Brittany, like many other French regions, changed hands frequently over the course of the century-long conflict. Brittany was united to the French crown through the marriage of Anne of Brittany and King Charles VIII in 1491, and was finally annexed in 1532, although a separatist movement thrives in that area to this day.

Brittany: Origins

Ancient Brittany was inhabited by the Celtic Tribes of Veneti, Curiovolitae, and the Asismii in the 3rd century BC. At this time, Brittany was known as Armorica. It was the Romans that renamed the region Britannia Minor. However, the region's current name can primarily be attributed to the Roman General Maximus, who brought over 6,000 Britons under their leader Prince Conan, son of the King of Wales and Albany as he left Britain in the 4th century. Further immigrants from Wales and Cornwall occupied the region in the 5th and 6th region. From these people came Constantine, King of Brittany, who, it is said, was the grandfather of the celebrated King Arthur of England. The Celtic Breton language is still spoken today in the western reaches of the land.

In the 6th century, Brittany began its many associations with other states and sovereigns as the Dukes of Brittany also became the Counts of Cornwall in the south west of England. In the 9th century, the Dukes of Anjou, neighbors to the south, married the Princesses of Brittany. Then, in the 10th century, the Dukes of Brittany also married into the house of the Dukes of Normandie, and Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany married Hawise, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandie, in 1002.

These various associations helped lead to the conflict between the Kings of England and the Kings of France for absolute rule over Brittany. When William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, became King of England in 1066 he claimed Brittany and Normandy as possessions of the English crown. This English possession of continental lands increased when King Henry of England married Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152, thereby acquiring most of north and western France. However, in 1365, Brittany renewed relations with France, and was finally annexed by the French Crown in 1532, and reverted to a duchy.

The Pyrenees

The Pyrenees are the home of a variety of peoples, including the Andorrans, Catalans, Béarnais, and Basques.

R1b1b2/R1b1c, R1b1b2d/R1b1c6, R1b1b2g/R1b1c9, R1b1b2h/R1b1c10

R1b1b2/R1b1c, R1b1b2d/R1b1c6, R1b1b2g/R1b1c9, R1b1b2h/R1b1c10

Aurignacian culture, Cro-Magnon people, Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain), from Iberia to Scandinavia, Basques, Catalans, other Spanish, Béarnais, other French, British and Germans.Basques (19%), in lower frequencies among French (5%), Bavarians (3%), Spanish (2%), Southern Portuguese (2%), and in single occurrences among Romanians, Slovenians, Dutch, Belgians and English. 5 Basques and 5 Catalans. Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia, as well as again among Basques. Cases in the Azores and Latin America. Frisia (the Netherlands) UK, southern and eastern Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy. So far, only sporadically [4] it appears in Spain (Spanish ancestry), Poland and Lithuania (Polish or Ashkenazim), Finland (Swedish) and Romania (Romanian). Alpine Germany and Switzerland. Ethnoancestry's commercial and research branches have shown that S28 is found from Greece westward to the Bay of Biscay in France. It appears to follow the distribution of the La Tene Celtic peoples. The percentages here are much less than found in the Alps. It has yet to be found anywhere in Ireland or Spain. Northern Italy seems to be a meeting place for both S21 and S28.

By the 15th century the Anglo-Normans had merged with the Anglo-Saxons to form the English.

By the 15th century the Anglo-Normans had merged with the Anglo-Saxons to form the English.

Blair: Scottish, McCarthy: Irish, Shelton: English; Anglo-Saxons - In the 5th century, when England had only recently been deserted by the Roman legions, the Anglo-Saxons established the independent kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Kent, Essex, Sussex and East Anglia, which were collectively known as the Heptarchy., Brown: English, Scottish, Hardin: English, Cline: German, Irish, Jewish, Scottish - Westphalia, which means western plain, is the contemporary Bundesland, or state, of Nordrhein-Westfalen. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Saxons inhabited the territories in north central Germany. Westphalia was a part of the old duchy of Saxony, which included most of the land between the Rhine and the Elbe between the 9th and 12th centuries. In the 9th century, the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne incorporated Saxony and the other German duchies into the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's conquest brought temporary unity to the duchies, but the collapse of the Carolingian Empire loosened these bonds of common order. Tribal consciousness and local particularism fought all centralizing influences until the late 19th century., Clements: English-Alt, English, French - Welsh Surnames, Mates: French - Champagne is a former province of France, located in the northeast part of the country on the west bank of the River Meuse. Its main city is Troyes, and it is one of France's celebrated wine regions. In ancient times, the area was ruled by the Counts of Champagne., Webb: English - Anglo Norman, Cooley: Irish, Franklin: English, James: English-Alt, English.

Cambro-Norman:

Anglo-Normans also led excursions into Wales from England and built multiple fortifications as it was one of William's ambitions to subdue the Welsh, however he was not entirely successful. Afterwards, however, the border area known as the Marches was set up and English influence increased steadily. Encouraged by the invasion, monks (usually from France or Normandy) such as the Cistercian Order also set up monasteries throughout Wales. By the 1400s a large number of Welsh gentry, including Owain Glyndŵr, had Norman ancestry. The majority of knights which invaded Ireland were also from or based in Wales.

Cambro-Norman is a term used for Norman knights who settled in southern Wales after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Some historians suggest that the term is to be preferred to Anglo-Norman for the Normans who invaded Ireland after 1170 — many of whom originated in Wales.

The most prominent example is Richard "Strongbow" de Clare, whose lands in Wales centred around Pembroke and who led the Norman invasion of Ireland.

In addition to such Cambro-Norman lords, some of Ireland's most prominent families, including Walsh, Joyce and Griffith, were indigenous Welsh families who came with the Norman invasion. Other indigenous Welsh surnames such as Taaffe which came at this time became very important families within the Pale community.

The Italo-Normans, or Siculo-Normans when referring to Sicily, were the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to the Mezzogiorno in the first half of the eleventh century. Normans first arrived in Italy as pilgrims probably either on their way or returning from Jerusalem or visiting the shrine at Monte Gargano in the late tenth and early eleventh century. In 1096, the Normans of Bohemond of Taranto joined the First Crusade. These Italians set up the principality of Antioch in the Levant. The entire Mediterranean world was touched by the unique Italo-Norman civilisation. In 1130, under Roger II, they created a lasting polity like William the Conqueror's in England: the Kingdom of Sicily, encompassing the whole of their conquests in the peninsula and the island.

Origins

Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms

http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/EJHG_2002_v10_521-529.pdf

Tracing European Founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA Pool

www.stats.gla.ac.uk/~vincent/papers/richards_2000.pdf

Tracing the phylogeography of human populations in Britain based on 4th-11th century mtDNA genotypes.

mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj013v1.pdf

mtDNA polymorphisms in five French groups: importance of regional sampling

http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n4/abs/5201145a.html

Mitochondrial DNA haplotyping revealed the presence of mixed up benign and neoplastic tissue sections from two individuals on the same prostatic biopsy slide

http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/1/83

Human mitochondrial DNA diversity in an archaeological site in al-Andalus: Genetic impact of migrations from North Africa in medieval Spain

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112608098/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

Caucasian haplogroup (R1b)
European haplogroup (U5a1a)

Caggegi-Raciti Azzolina DNA - Randazzo CATANIA, Santo Stefano Di Camastra MESSINA, Sicily, Italy.

Caggegi-Raciti Azzolina DNA - Randazzo CATANIA, Santo Stefano Di Camastra MESSINA, Sicily, Italy.

Y-DNA: R1b1c*/R1b1b2* - THE WESTERN ATLANTIC MODAL HAPLOTYPE - Match

"13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29"
13-24-14-11-11-14-12-12-12-13-13-29
13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
13/24/14/11/11/14/12/12/12/13/13/29/

M173+ M207+ M269+ M343+ P25+

The Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype is the most common Y-DNA signature of Europe’s most common Haplogroup, R1b. Simply put your ancestors have experienced a dramatic population explosion over the past 10,000 years, probably since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM-that’s Anthropology-speak for the last Ice Age) that covered most of Europe beginning 20,000 years ago and lasting for 10,000 long cold winters.

R1b, and its most common Haplotype (yours), exists in high or very high frequencies in all of Western Europe from Spain in the south to the British Isles and western Scandinavia in the north. It appears that approximately 2.5% in Western European males share this most common genetic 12 marker signature and because of its very high frequency we always suggest that for genealogy purposes people in this group should only use our 25 or 37 marker test for their genealogy.

Anthropologists have been describing for many years that only a select % of all the males in past societies did the vast majority of fathering, while other males lost the opportunity to pass on their Y-Chromosomal genes.

On a lighter note it’s clear that R1b’s Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype has contributed much more than its ‘fair share’ in populating Western Europe.

mtDNA: U5a1a:

16157C, 16192T, 16256T, 16270T, 16320T, 16399G
16157C 16192T 16256T 16270T 16320T 16399G
"16157C 16192T 16256T 16270T 16320T 16399G"
16157C/16192T/16256T/16270T/16320T/16399G

U5a1a Specific mitochondrial haplogroups are typically found in different regions of the world, and this is due to unique population histories. In the process of spreading around the world, many populations—with their special mitochondrial haplogroups—became isolated, and specific haplogroups concentrated in geographic regions. Today, we have identified certain haplogroups that originated in Africa, Europe, Asia, the islands of the Pacific, the Americas, and even particular ethnic groups. Of course, haplogroups that are specific to one region are sometimes found in another, but this is due to recent migration.

The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U5, with its own multiple lineages nested within, is the oldest European-specific haplogroup, and its origin dates to approximately 50,000 years ago. Most likely arising in the Near East, and spreading into Europe in a very early expansion, the presence of haplogroup U5 in Europe pre-dates the expansion of agriculture in Europe. Haplogroup U5a1a—a lineage within haplogroup U5—arose in Europe less than 20,000 years ago, and is mainly found in northwest and north-central Europe. The modern distribution of haplogroup U5a1a suggests that individuals bearing this haplogroup were part of the populations that had tracked the retreat of ice sheets from Europe.